crane

noun animal_bird

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *ahpé•-(rhą)

Proto-Crow-Hidatsa *apíca

Crow apíta ‘whooping crane, heron’ GG:12, RG

Hidatsa apíca ‘crane’ J

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *hpé•rhą

Proto-Dakota *phehą́

Lakota phehą́ ‘crane’ RTC

Dakota pehaŋ , †phehą ‘crane’ WM:41a

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere *phé•tą

Chiwere péchan , †phéǰą ‘crane’ JGT:125 , petaⁿ , †phéǰą

Otoe phé•dą ‘a kind of bird’ JDH

Hoocąk peeǰą́ ‘crane (fowl)’ KM:2454 , peeją

Proto-Dhegiha *hpéthą

Omaha-Ponca ppéthą ‘crane’ RR

Kanza/Kaw békhą ‘crane’ RR , ppékhą ‘crane’

Osage hpékhą , †hpétxą ‘crane’

Quapaw ppéthą ‘grayish blue crane’ JOD

General comment

Cf. ‘fold > wrap’ for a very similar form. This lexeme appears to be morphemically complex. All known instances of *rh thus far are historically bimorphemic with the boundary in the middle. Note that Crow/Hidatsa argues for *s in this position, a fact that may be explained by compounds like Dakota phehąsą where -są is ‘white (1)’. The Crow/Hidatsa forms seem to lack any reflex of the rhą portion of the MVS forms. Thus the MVS forms are likely put together from at least three morphemes historically. And since initial MVS preaspirates normally signal a missing initial syllable, (preaspirates being a second syllable phenomenon) a prefix may also have been present in Proto-Siouan or pre-Proto-Siouan.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources