run (1)

verb physical_motion

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *rą́kE

Proto-Dakota *i-yą́kA

Lakota į́yąkA ‘run’ RTC

Dakota į́yąka ‘run’ SRR:201b

Sioux Valley iyą́ka ‘run’ PAS

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere *ną́•ke

Chiwere ną́ŋe ‘run’ RR

Hoocąk nąąk ‘run’ KM:2178 , nąąk

Proto-Dhegiha *ną́ke

Omaha-Ponca ną́ge ‘run’ RR

Kanza/Kaw ną́ge ‘animal or machine to run’ RR

Osage nóⁿge , †ną́ke ‘run, 4-legged, gallop’ LF:114a

Quapaw ną́ke ‘run as an animal’ JOD

General comment

The Dakotan forms could arise from a prefixed locative i- ‘toward’, with nasal spreading in Lakota and Dakota. The Sioux Valley form would support this.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources