mountain

noun physical_spatial_mountaneous

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *xé

Proto-Dakota *xé

Lakota xé ‘mountain, badlands’ RTC

Dakota ḣé , †xé ‘high hill, ridge of hills, mountain’ SRR:163b

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere

Hoocąk xée ‘mountain’ KM:3878 , xee ‘mountain’ KM:3882 , xeexéte , xeexete (> xee + xete)

Proto-Dhegiha *xéhki

Omaha-Ponca qéḳi , †xékki ‘foot of bluffs’

Osage xéḳi , †xéhki ‘foothills’ LF:218a

Proto-Southeastern

Proto-Biloxi-Ofo

Biloxi ĕ´ktaⁿnihíxyĕ , †-híxe ‘hills, peaks’ D&S:191b

General comment

The Dhegiha forms are probably from Proto-Dhegiha *xé + *hkü ‘under, beneath’. Mandan óxaxare, wąxáxara ~ waxáxa ‘mountain’ (H-310) may be related via ablaut in reduplication. Alternatively it may belong with Hidatsa awaxá•wi ‘mountain’, Crow awaxaawé ‘mountain’. Chiwere ahé ‘mountain’ is listed with ‘hill’, q.v.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources