come

verb physical_motion

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *hú•(-re)

Proto-Crow-Hidatsa *hú•

Crow húu RG, GG:49, RGG:32

Hidatsa hú• J

Pre-Mandan *hú•-

Mandan hú•roʔš ‘he’s coming’ RTC

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *hú

Proto-Dakota *hú

Lakota ú ‘I am coming; an old word meaning |waú|’ RTC , p-hú EB:449b

Dakota u ‘come’ WM:35b

Stoney ú PAS

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere *hú•

Chiwere hú W:246b

Hoocąk húu ‘start coming’ KM:1601 , huu

Proto-Dhegiha *hǘ

Omaha-Ponca hí ‘come’ RTC

Kanza/Kaw hǘ ‘come’ RR

Osage hü ‘come’ RR

Quapaw hí ‘come’ RR

Proto-Southeastern *hú•(-ri)

Proto-Biloxi-Ofo *hú•(-ri)

Biloxi hu, u, hu‹, húdi, údi ‘come’ D&S:198b

Ofo kiū´kna, kiu , †kiú•kna ‘come’ D&S:325b, JSS

Proto-Tutelo-Saponi

Tutelo yahūa, howa , †yahu•(w)a ‘come’ H , kihūna , †yahu•(w)a ‘he came not’ HW , wihūta , †yahu•(w)a ‘I will come’ JOD , yahuwá , †yahu•(w)a , húwa , †yahu•(w)a

Saponi kihoe , †kihu ‘come here’ F

Proto-Catawba

Catawba hu•ʔ- FS

General comment

Catawba ʔ suggests some final consonant if it is not an artifact of pre-vocalic morpheme boundary.

It has been noted that the h- is missing in all the vertitive forms of this verb in MVS. But cf. comment on ‘come vertitive’. Reconstructing *u• with the assumption that hu• forms are by analogy with *hi• ‘arrive there’ might be tempting except for the fact that all the languages but Ofo show at least traces of the h and even Catawba has hu•ʔ.

In DH this verb behaves like a full-fledged H-stem, taking the obstruentized allomorphs of the actor person-number prefixes. Omaha-Ponca 1Act phi; 2Act ši; 3Act hí. Kanza/Kaw 1Act phü; 2Act šü; 3Act hǘ. Quapaw 1Act phi; 2Act ši; 3Act hí.

While Crow and Hidatsa forms suggest nothing unusual about initial h, the conjugation is part of a special pattern found only in a core group of motion verbs. Crow 1Act boó; 2Act dalóo; 3Act húu (GG-49, DEC-32). Hidatsa: 1Act wa•hú•, 2Act. rárahu•, 3p. ra•huʔa. The conjugation is modeled on regular forms of ‘go’ Crow 1Act oó shows assimilation and the rising pitch pattern of lost intervocalic h, cf. ‘hair, fur, feathers’ and other forms.

The w which appears in some Tutelo forms (imperatives?) may be comparable to the w which appears in the Lakota imperative (B&D para. 135) -- presumably an epenthetic glide.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources