ahead (1)

physical_spatial

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *(i-)htą́•(-rį)

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *(i)htą́-rį

Proto-Dakota

Lakota taƞníla ‘ahead of others’ EB:480a

Proto-Dhegiha *ihtą́-(rį)

Omaha-Ponca itoⁿthiⁿ , †ittąðį ‘ahead’ MAS:4

Kanza/Kaw ittómittaha ‘in or towards the front’ RR

Osage iṭóⁿthiⁿ , †ihtǫ́ðį ‘go ahead’ LF:80a , iṭóⁿthiaṭa , †ihtǫ́ðiahta ‘to the front’ LF:80a

Proto-Southeastern *tá•hnį

Proto-Biloxi-Ofo

Biloxi taⁿni, tâníyaⁿ, kitóⁿni , †tąni ‘be ahead, be first’ D&S:272a

Proto-Tutelo-Saponi

Tutelo etā´hni , †etá•hni ‘the first’ DSF

General comment

Initial i- may be the directional prefix usually translated ‘toward’.

Nasalization has spread leftward from -rį. It may be possible to reconstruct Proto-Siouan stem-final *-he since the Tutelo form suggests an earlier *-he with *rį, referring to movement, postposed. Cf. -rį in ‘run (1)’, ‘haul’, ‘shake > move (1)’, ‘walk (1)’.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources