shake > tremble

verb physical_motion

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *psąpsą́

Proto-Dakota *psąpsą

Lakota psąpsą́ka ‘vacillate’ EB:446a

Dakota yupsáŋpsaŋ , †yupsą́psą ‘wag, as a tail’ SRR:637a

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere *sąsą

Chiwere withánthanje , †wiθą́θąǰe ‘shake (vegetation)’ JGT:225

Hoocąk gisąsą ‘shake nervously’ MM:385 , gisąsą

Proto-Dhegiha *sąsą

Omaha-Ponca çoⁿçoⁿ , †sąsą́ ‘tremble’ MAS:176

Kanza/Kaw wásąsą ‘shake, chatter as the teeth’ RR

Osage çoⁿçóⁿ , †sąsą́ ‘tremble’ LF:31b

General comment

Cf. ‘unstable’ for a very similar form with ų́ rather than ą.

Chiwere shows a *-tE root extension. Proto-Mississipi-Valley *psą would normally imply Proto-Siouan *wa-są́, but there are not enough attested forms to be certain here.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources