hear

verb perceptual_auditory

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *rąx-ʔų́

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *nąxʔų́

Proto-Dakota *naxʔų́

Lakota naxʔų́ ‘hear, listen to, attend to, obey’ [1s nawáxʔų] RTC

Dakota naḣóŋ ‘hear, listen, attend to, obey’ SRR:323a

Stoney na_xų PAS

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere *nąxʔų́

Chiwere nąxʔǫ́ ~ nąxʔų́ ‘hear’ RR

Hoocąk nąąxgų́ ‘hear, understand’ KM:2266 , nąąxgų

Proto-Dhegiha *nąxʔǫ́

Omaha-Ponca nǫʔǫ́ RTC

Kanza/Kaw nąkʔą́, nąkʔǫ́, nǫkʔǫ́ ‘hear, listen’ RR

Osage noⁿkʔoⁿ´ , †nąkʔą́ ‘hear’ LF:115a

Quapaw nǫxʔǫ́, ánąxʔǫ ‘hear, listen’ RR

Proto-Southeastern

Proto-Biloxi-Ofo *nahxé (?)

Biloxi naxĕ´, náxe , †nąxe ‘hear’ D&S:231b

Ofo nashĕ´ , †nashé; †našé ‘listen’ , ạsxe , †əshe ‘hear’ D&S:321b

General comment

There is an obvious derivational relationship among the terms for ‘hear’ and ‘ears’. The form given here might be *rąx ‘ear, hearing’ plus *iʔų́• ‘use, do with’, q.v. Ofo and MRS also show forms without the *r; perhaps this is an old derivational morpheme as well. Dakota na_xʔų́ is perhaps an ‘instrumental prefix’ reanalysis of earlier *nax••ʔų́; Winnebago might be from nąąx + k- ‘dative, possessive’ + (ʔ)ų save that Hoocąk does not regularly lose ʔ. Cf. ‘frog (1), toad’ for another case of xʔ.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources