fox

noun animal_mammal

Proto-Siouan-Catawba *tVx-

Proto-Siouan *ahtóx-ka

Proto-Crow-Hidatsa *í•xohka

Crow íaxuhka ‘fox’ RG, GG:71, RGG:3

Hidatsa í•xohka ‘kit fox, swift fox’ J

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *htóhka (?)

Proto-Dakota *thokhá-

Lakota thokhála ‘fox’ RTC

Dakota tokádaŋ ‘a small wolf, swift (fox)’ SRR:473b

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere

Chiwere túka xóje , †thúkha ‘fox, gray fox’ JGT , thų́kha xóda , †thúkha ‘fox, gray fox’ JDH

Proto-Dhegiha *htókha (?)

Omaha-Ponca ṭikaqude , †ttiKa xode ‘gray fox’ JOD

Quapaw ttóKa xótte ‘gray fox’ JOD

Proto-Southeastern *athóxka

Proto-Biloxi-Ofo *athóxka

Biloxi toxká, tóxka, ṭox , †tóxka ‘fox’ D&S:277b

Ofo atxóska , †athóska ‘skunk’ D&S:322a

Proto-Tutelo-Saponi

Tutelo tohkai , †tóxkai ‘fox’ H , mùñktagín; mùnktōkāi, maktukai , †tóxkai ‘wolf’ N, H

Proto-Catawba *tą•se ~ *tą•xe

Catawba tą•se ‘dog’ KS

Woccon Tauh-he ‘dog’ JL

General comment

Cf. ‘antelope, goat’, ‘badger’. Mandan ó•xaʔ ‘fox’ is probably not cognate. The MRS forms are problematic if cognate: the first syllable is unexplained, and the *x is not regular. Proto-Siouan *xk normally yields kh in DH. Proto-Siouan *xk remains in Crow, becoming hk only in Hidatsa. The DH forms cited here are from Dorsey’s slip files, in which he commonly failed to distinguish aspirates from geminates. Omaha-Ponca -i - matches Chiwere -ú- here. Neither form with ú is accounted for. Comparison of Catawba and Woccon suggests Proto-Catawba *tą́s ~ *tą́x ‘dog’. Perhaps the Proto-Siouan form is *wa- + *tóx + *-ka ‘attributive’?

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources